Winter often brings an increase in coughs, sore throats and runny noses. While we normally refer to these illnesses simply as a “cold” or the “flu”, several different viruses can cause similar symptoms. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza and the common cold are often in circulation around Australia each year, especially during the cooler months.
Understanding their differences can help you know when to seek medical advice and how to protect your family against them.
What is the common cold?
The common cold is a mild upper respiratory infection that can be caused by more than 200 different viruses. Most people recover within seven to ten days and symptoms are usually manageable at home. Common cold symptoms may include:
- Runny or blocked nose
- Sneezing
- Mild cough
- Sore throat
- Mild headache
- General tiredness
Colds typically develop gradually and are rarely serious in otherwise healthy adults.
And, what is influenza (flu)?
Influenza is caused by a group of viruses and is generally more severe than a common cold. Belonging to the Orthomyxoviridae family, they primarily affect the nose, throat, and lungs. The flu viruses are classified into four main types (A, B, C, and D), with Influenza A and B being the most common types spread in the community.
Symptoms often come on suddenly and can leave people feeling significantly unwell.
Common flu symptoms include:
- Fever
- Chills
- Muscle and body aches
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Dry cough
- Sore throat
While many people recover within a week or two, influenza can lead to complications such as pneumonia, particularly in young children, older adults, pregnant women and people with chronic health conditions.
Finally, what is RSV?
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a highly contagious respiratory virus that affects people of all ages. In healthy adults it often causes symptoms similar to a cold, but it can be more serious for babies, older adults and people with underlying health conditions. RSV is a common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children.
Common RSV symptoms include:
- Runny nose
- Cough
- Sneezing
- Wheezing
- Fever
- Reduced appetite
- Difficulty feeding in infants
Symptoms usually appear within a few days of exposure and most people recover within one to two weeks.
Cold vs Flu vs RSV: A quick table of comparison
While the table below is a good start to guide you, it is difficult to know exactly which virus is causing your specific symptoms without seeing a GP for further testing.
| Symptom/s | Common Cold | Flu | RSV |
| Runny nose | Common | Sometimes | Common |
| Sneezing | Common | Less common | Common |
| Sore throat | Common | Common | Sometimes |
| Fever | Rare | Common | Common |
| Body aches | Mild | Common | Occasionally |
| Fatigue | Mild | Significant | Mild to moderate |
| Wheezing | Rare | Rare | More common |
| Sudden onset | No | Yes | Usually gradual |
| Risk of severe illness | Low | Moderate to high | High for infants and older adults |
When should you see a GP/doctor?
Even though all three are generally manageable at home, it is important that you seek medical advice if you or your family member experience:
- Difficulty breathing
- Wheezing or shortness of breath
- Persistent high fever
- Signs of dehydration
- Symptoms that are worsening rather than improving
- Difficulty feeding in babies
- Symptoms in a newborn infant
We highly recommend a medical checkup for infants, older adults, pregnant women and people with chronic health conditions. RSV and influenza can both lead to more serious complications to anyone belonging to this more vulnerable group.
Can you prevent the cold, flu and RSV?
While there is no foolproof prevention method, you can reduce your risk by:
- Washing your hands regularly
- Covering coughs and sneezes
- Staying home when unwell
- Cleaning frequently touched surfaces
- Keeping up to date with recommended vaccinations
Annual flu vaccination remains one of the most effective ways to reduce the risk of serious influenza illness. RSV immunisation is also available for eligible groups, including pregnant women and some infants.
Taking care of your respiratory health this winter season
Colds, flus and RSV infections can look very similar at first, making it difficult to know exactly what you’re dealing with. If you’re unsure about your symptoms, or you’re concerned about a family member, speaking with your GP can help ensure you receive the right advice and care. Book an appointment with one of our friendly GPs at Brecken Health Care Bunbury to discuss your symptoms, access appropriate treatment, and learn more about the vaccinations available to help protect you and your family this winter.
